imperative sentence

The Imperative Sentence

Learn About It

The word "imperative" is derived from the term "emperor". Emperors gave commands, and imperative sentences are commands. Imperative sentences consist of predicates that only contain verbs in infinitive form; verb phrases are not allowed. Imperative sentences are generally terminated with an exclamation mark instead of a period.

<Imperative Sentence> = <predicate> = <verb> <complement>

Examples:
Spend the money!
Go to your room!
Look in the drawer of the dresser.

An imperative sentence gives a command. It usually end with a period, but it may also end with an exclamation point (!).

Commands ask or tell people to do something.

"Please pass the salt." is a command, that does not sound as commanding as, "Get out of my way!" But, both of these sentences are imperatives because they are both asking or telling someone to do something.

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Finding the Subject

This may sound strange, but every single command has the same subject! Yikes! How is that even possible?

Well, since commands are always speaking to someone or something (you've got to address them if you're going to ask them to do something), the subject is always the word you.

You may have noticed, the word "you" is not even in a command. Because of this, the subject is actually called you understood, and it is written like this: (you)

This means that the subject is the word you, but since it is not written or spoken in the sentence, it is understood and is therefore in parentheses.

Imperative	Subject
Please find my yellow leotard.	(you)
Shut the door!	(you)
Be there at 5:00.	(you)

Wash the car.

Clean up your room.

Martin, report to the counselor.
Please donate to the community charity fund.

We say that sentences must have a subject and a verb. Note that some of the above sentences do not seem to have a subject. The subject is implied, and the implied subject is you. You wash the car. You clean up your room. You is a second person pronoun. It isn't possible to make a command statement in first person or third person. 

imperative sentence examples

• It must have seemed imperative that the co-operation and goodwill of the profession be regained, as without it the Scheme must founder.
• It emphasizes the military imperative of stabilizing Baghdad and lower expectations about a democratic polity along Western lines.
• Nothing has any point - except of course the categorical imperative.
• This is a compound sentence consisting of three independent clauses, all with imperative verbs.
• Securing a place to work, however small or improvised, seemed imperative to me during my final year at college.
• This spiritual dimension addresses the gospel imperative for equity and compassion among all peoples.
• The very nature of the relations makes it absolutely imperative that every victim of unlawful appetite, in whatever direction, shall totally abstain.
• Leaders have a moral imperative to develop the next generation of school leaders.
• A further, far more detailed and specified development of these principles is an imperative necessity.
• Thus it became imperative to relate the seaman's guess logged in Beaufort numbers to the wind speed in knots.
• It is therefore imperative to include all names of jointly liable people from the start.
• Reasons for action which are contingent in this way on desires and inclinations are furnished by what Kant called hypothetical imperatives.
• The Organizational function often belongs grammatically to the imperative mood.
• Moreover, there is an ethical imperative not to destroy the wonderful diversity of life on Earth.
• The module will include an in-depth study of a declarative language through a significant programming application, contrasting it with the imperative paradigm.
• The " pedagogical imperative " includes the obligation to inquire into the consequences of one's work with students.
• In the context of imperative programming, the emphasis shifts from describing control flow to describing interacting objects.
• Examples of the management of change under the technological imperatives we were subjected to were few, apart maybe from the Carnegie Mellon initiatives.
• An abstract machine for the execution of the imperative language.
  

       An imperative sentence gives a direct command to someone -- this type of sentence can end either with a period or with an exclamation mark, depending on how forceful the command is:

Sit!

Read this book for tomorrow.

You should not usually use an exclamation mark with the word "please":

Wash the dishes!

Please wash the dishes.

Normally, you should not use imperative sentences in academic writing. When you do use an imperative sentence, it should usually contain only a mild command, and thus, end with a period:

imperative exercises > LET´S!!

Choose the correct sentences and write them in the white boxes:  Let's drink some water -  Let's clean his car - Let's buy a cake for her-  Let's go to the cinema - Let's buy one ticket for you and one for me -  Let's watch TV - Let's do some exercise - Let's sit on that bench -  Let's dance - Let's eat a sandwich - Let's look at the calendar -   Let's telephone her -Let's take an umbrella -   Let's close the window -    It's very cold here.                                              It's very hot. I am thirsty.                                   I haven't visited Granny this week.                    Dad's car is very dirty.                                         It's mum's birthday today.                                  It's raining. We can't play outside.                     I want to see the film "Avatar".                           What's the date today?                                          It's raining.                                                             We are going to Oxford by bus.                            I like this music a lot and I feel so happy...        I am tired of walking around the park.                I want to be healthy and fit                                   I am so hungry

English Exercises > imperative exercises > Love me by Justin Bieber - Imperative

Complete with the correct verb in the imperative form.

Love me

by Justin Bieber

My friends say I'm a fool to think that you're the one for me I guess I'm just a sucker for love 'Cause honestly the truth is that you know I'm never leavin' 'Cause you're my angel sent from above Baby, you can do no wrong My money is yours, give you a little more because I love ya, love ya With me, girl, is where you belong Just right here, I promise my dear I'll put nothin' above ya, above ya me, me, that you love me  me, me, oh how you do me  me, me,  that you miss me me what I wanna hear, me you love me X2 People try to tell me, but I still refuse to listen 'Cause they don't get to spend time with you A minute with you is worth more than a thousand days without your love Oh your love, oh Baby, you can do no wrong My money is yours, give you a little more because I love ya, love ya With me, girl, is where you belong Just stay right here, I promise my dear I'll put nothin' above ya, above ya me, me, that you love me  me, me, oh how you do me  me, me,  that you miss me me what I wanna hear, me you love me X2 My heart is blind, but I don't care 'Cause when I'm with you, everything has disappeared And every time I hold you near I never wanna let you go, oh me, me, that you love me  me, me, oh how you do me  me, me,  that you miss me me what I wanna hear, me you love me X2

English Exercises > imperative exercises > IMPERATIVE

IMPERATIVE

PERSON	AFFIRMATIVE	NEGATIVE
I	X	X
YOU	the pronoun you* isn´t used be quiet stay here  It can be used with always Always review you compositions *you is used when we are distributing you do this, you do that you is used when YOU  insit on the action(rudeOR POLITE IT DEPENDS ON THE CONTEXT) you keep them Do is used before an affirmative verb if I want to insist) Do sit down.	the pronoun you* isn´t used don´t be silly don´t stay here It can be used with never Never open this door
HE,SHE,THEY	We use Let or May+infinitive Let for orders: Let him know May for wishes May the force go with you It can be used with somebody,everybody: Somebody* help me Everybody* help me	We use Let +infinitive Let for orders: Don´t let him know It can be used with nobody: Nobody* move *remember this is not simple present
WE	Let us=,Let´s Let´s stay for a while Do let´s stay for a while* *reinforcement	Let us not,Let´s not Let´s not stay here Don´t lets stay here* *reinforcement

1.-USE AN IMPERATIVE TO CHANGE THESE SENTENCES

1. Achiles´soldiers must attack LET´S ACHILES ATTACKLET ACHILES' SOLDIERS ATTACK

2.Nobody must leaveNOBODY LEAVENOBODY LEAVES

3.Somebody should phone an ambulance SOMEBODY PHONES AN AMBULANCESOMEBODY PHONE AN AMBULANCE

4.Helen must come hereLET HELEN COME HEREI WANT HER TO COME HERE

5.They shouldn´t  go now.DON´T LET THEM GOLET´S NOT GO

6.Somebody should say something SOMEBODY SAY SOMETINGSOMEBODY SAYS SOMETING

7.Nobody should say anything NOBODY SAY ANYTHINGNOBODY SAYS ANYTHING

8.A doctor should see him LET A DOCTOR SEE HIMLET´S A DOCTOR SEE HIM

9.I wish it snowed LET IT SNOWLET´S IT SNOW

10.He should rest.LET HIM RESTLET HE REST

11.-Why don´t you come and visit meYOU VISIT MEDO COME AND VISIT ME

12.-It would be nice you could bring the children(INSIST)BRING YOUR CHILDRENDO BRING YOUR CHILDREN

13.-I´m very interested in this house we should buy itLET´S BUY THE HOUSEI WANT TO BUY THE HOUSE

14.-We should solve this as soon as possible(INSIST)DO LET´S SOLVE THIS INMEDIATELYLET'S SOLVE THIS INMEDIATELY

15.-Everybody must stay in hereEVERYBODY STAYS HEREEVERYBODY STAY IN HERE

Present Simple Tense

Simple Present Tense

I sing

How do we make the Simple Present Tense?

subject	+	auxiliary verb	+	main verb
		do		base

 I have breakfast with my family.

There are three important exceptions:

1. For positive sentences, we do not normally use the auxiliary.
2. For the 3rd person singular (he, she, it), we add s to the main verb or es to the auxiliary.
3. For the verb to be, we do not use an auxiliary, even for questions and negatives.

Look at these examples with the main verb like:

	subject	auxiliary verb		main verb
+	I, you, we, they			like	coffee.
	He, she, it			likes	coffee.
-	I, you, we, they	do	not	like	coffee.
	He, she, it	does	not	like	coffee.
?	Do	I, you, we, they		like	coffee?
	Does	he, she, it		like	coffee?

Look at these examples with the main verb be. Notice that there is no auxiliary:

	subject	main verb
+	I	am		French.
	You, we, they	are		French.
	He, she, it	is		French.
-	I	am	not	old.
	You, we, they	are	not	old.
	He, she, it	is	not	old.
?	Am	I		late?
	Are	you, we, they		late?
	Is	he, she, it		late?

How do we use the Simple Present Tense?

We use the simple present tense when:

• the action is general
• the action happens all the time, or habitually, in the past, present and future
• the action is not only happening now
• the statement is always true

John drives a taxi.
past	present	future
It is John's job to drive a taxi. He does it every day. Past, present and future.

Look at these examples:

• I live in New York.
• The Moon goes round the Earth.
• John drives a taxi.
• He does not drive a bus.
• We meet every Thursday.
• We do not work at night.
• Do you play football?

Note that with the verb to be, we can also use the simple present tense for situations that are not general. We can use the simple present tense to talk about now. Look at these examples of the verb "to be" in the simple present tense - some of them are general, some of them are now:

Am I right? Tara is not at home. You are happy.
past	present	future
The situation is now.

 

I am not fat. Why are you so beautiful? Ram is tall.
past	present	future
The situation is general. Past, present and future.

Examples:

 

• I play tennis.
• She does not play tennis.
•  
• Does he play tennis?
• The train leaves every morning at 8 AM.
• The train does not leave at 9 AM.
• When does the train usually leave?
• She always forgets her purse.
• He never forgets his wallet.
• Every twelve months, the Earth circles the Sun.
• Does the Sun circle the Earth?

Exercise

http://conteni2.educarex.es/mats/14453/contenido/ 
http://a4esl.org/q/h/lb/psv.html 
http://perso.wanadoo.es/autoenglish/gr.presim.p.htm 
                                                 http://www.learnenglish.de/Games/Tenses/SimplePres.htm

Preposition

Prepositions

 

Prepositions are words or short phrases that identify the spatial (in space), directional (the direction in which something is moving), or temporal (in time) relationship of one or more people or things to other people or things. Prepositions communicate abstract relationships as well as concrete ones. While all languages have prepositions, English has a particularly large number of them, with important differences of nuance between similar prepositions. This handout will give an overview of prepositions, along with a practice activity.

Prepositions for Time, Place, and Introducing Objects

On is used with days:

• I will see you on Monday.
• The week begins on Sunday.

At is used with noon, night, midnight, and with the time of day:

• My plane leaves at noon.
• The movie starts at 6 p.m.

In is used with other parts of the day, with months, with years, with seasons:

• The flowers will bloom in spring. 
• He likes to read in the afternoon.
• The days are long in August.
• The book was published in 1999.

To express extended time, English uses the following prepositions: since, for, by, from-to, from-until, during, (with)in.

• I watch TV during the evening. (For some period of time in the evening.)
• She has been gone since yesterday. (She left yesterday and has not returned.)
• I'm going to Paris for two weeks. (I will spend two weeks there.)
• The movie showed from August to October. (Beginning in August and ending in October.)
• The decorations were up from spring until fall. (Beginning in spring and ending in fall.)
• We must finish the project within a year. (No longer than a year.)

To express notions of place, English uses the following prepositions: to talk about the point itself: in, to express something contained: inside, to talk about the surface: on, to talk about a general vicinity, at.

• Put the present inside the box.
• I left your keys on the table.
• She was waiting at the corner. 
• There is a wasp in the room. 

To express notions of an object being higher than a point, English uses the following prepositions: over, above.

• Hang that picture above the couch. 
• He threw the ball over the roof.

To express notions of an object being lower than a point, English uses the following prepositions: under, underneath, beneath, below.

• The rabbit burrowed under the ground.
• The child hid underneath the blanket.
• We relaxed in the shade beneath the branches.
• The valley is below sea-level.

To express notions of an object being close to a point, English uses the following prepositions: near, by, next to, between, among, opposite.

• There is an ice cream shop by the store. 
• She lives near the school.
• An oak tree grows next to my house
• The house is between Elm Street and Maple Street.
• I found my pen lying among the books.
• The bathroom is opposite that room.

English uses the following prepositions to introduce objects of the following verbs.

At: glance, laugh, look, rejoice, smile, stare

• That pretty girl smiled at you. 
• She took a quick glance at her reflection. (exception with mirror: She took a quick glance in the mirror.)
• You didn't laugh at his joke.
• I'm looking at the computer monitor.
• We rejoiced at his safe rescue.
• Stop staring at me.

Of: approve, consist, smell

• I don't approve of his speech.
• My contribution to the article consists of many pages.
• He came home smelling of alcohol.

Of (or about): dream, think

• I dream of finishing college in four years.
• Can you think of a number between one and ten?
• I am thinking about this problem.

For: call, hope, look, wait, watch, wish

• Did someone call for a taxi?
• He hopes for a raise in salary next year.
• I'm looking for my keys.
• We'll wait for her here.
• You go buy the tickets and I'll watch for the train.
• If you wish for an "A" in this class, you must work hard. 

 The puppy is beside the phone.

 The puppy is on the floor.

 The puppy is in the trashcan.














You can learn preposition from poem.

  Activity

Activity 2

Practice filling words

Exercises     http://esl-efl.webpark.pl/gerunds_prepositions.html
                        http://www.learn-english-today.com/lessons/lesson_contents/preposition-ex.htm
                        http://www.world-english.org/prepositions2.htm
More information  
                        http://eslus.com/LESSONS/GRAMMAR/POS/pos7.htm
                        http://ellerbruch.nmu.edu/cs255/cusher/partsofspeech/preposition.html
                        http://www.chompchomp.com/terms/preposition.htm

Auxiliary verb

 

Definition: Auxiliary verbs are used together with a main verb to give grammatical information and therefore add extra meaning to a sentence, which is not given by the main verb.
Be, Do and Have are auxiliary verbs, they are irregular verbs and can be used as main verbs.
Modal verbs are also auxiliary verbs, but will be treated separately, these are can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, and would.
To be: Be is the most common verb in the English language. It can be used as an auxiliary and a main verb. It is used a lot in its other forms.

Present tense form	Past tense form
am/is/are	was/were

Uses:

Am/Is/Are:

Question	Positive Statement	Negative Statement
Singular
Am I?	I am (I'm)	I am not (I'm not)
Are you?	You are (You're)	You are not (You're not/You aren't)
Is he/she/it?	He/she/it is (He's/She's/It's)	He/she/it is not (He/she/it isn't// He/she/it's not)
Plural
Are we?	We are (We're)	We are not (We aren't/We're not)
Are you?	You are (You're)	You are not (You aren't/You're not)
Are they?	They are (They're)	They are not (They aren't/They're not)

Examples:

	Am/Are	Is
Question - ?	"Am I disturbing you?"	"Is this your coat"
Positive Answer - Yes	"Yes you are."	"Yes it is"
Negative Answer - No	"No you're not."	"No it isn't"

Note: The auxiliary verb 'be' can be followed either by the -ed form or by the -ing form.

To do: The verb do is one of the most common verbs in English. It can be used as an auxiliary and a main verb. It is often used in questions.

Uses:

Do / Does

Question	Positive Statement (spoken)	Negative Statement (spoken)
Singular
Do I?	I do	I do not (I don't)
Do you?	You do	You do not (You don't)
Does he/she/it?	He/she/it does	He/she/it does not (He/she/it doesn't)
Plural
Do we?	We do	We do not (We don't)
Do you?	You do	You do not (You don't)
Do they?	They do	They do not (They don't)

Examples:

	Do	Does
Question - ?	"Do you always take the bus to work?"	"Does she ever do her homework on time?"
Positive Answer - Yes	"Yes I do."	"Yes she does."
Negative Answer - No	"No I don't."	"No she doesn't."

Note: The auxiliary verb 'do' is always followed by the base form (infinitive).

To have: Have is one of the most common verbs in the English language. Have is used in a variety of ways.

Uses:

Have/Has

Question	Positive Statement (spoken)	Negative Statement (spoken)
Singular
Have I?	I have (I've)	I have not (I haven't/I've not)
Have you?	You have (You've)	You have not (You haven't/You've not)
Has he/she/it?	He/she/it has (He/she/it 's)	He/she/it has not (He/she/it hasn't)
Plural
Have we?	We have (We've)	We have not (We haven't/We've not)
Have you?	You have (You've)	You have not (You haven't/You've not)
Have they?	They have (They've)	They have not (They haven't/They've not)

Have is often used to indicate possession (I have) or (I have got).

Examples:

	Have	Have got
Question - ?	"Do you have a car?" or "Have you a car?"	"Have you got a car?"
Positive Answer - Yes	"Yes I have a car."	"Yes I've got a car."
Negative Answer - No	"No I don't have a car."	"No I haven't got a car."

Have is also used to indicate necessity (I have to) or (I have got to).

	Have to	Have got to
Question - ?	"Do you have to leave early?"	"Have you got to leave early?"
Positive Answer - Yes	"Yes I have to." or "Yes I do"	"Yes I've got to."
Negative Answer - No	"No I don't have to."	"No I haven't got to."

Have is used to show an action.

Question - ?	"Have you washed your face?"
Positive Answer - Yes	" Yes I have."
Negative Answer - No	" No I haven't."

Note: When showing an action the auxiliary verb 'have' is always followed by the past participle form. 

  Exercise 1  
 Exercise 2  
 Exercise 3   

More Information   http://www.arts.uottawa.ca/writcent/hypergrammar/auxvb.html 
 http://www.learnenglish.de/grammar/verbaux.htm 
http://www.grammarforteachers.co.uk/Guide/Verbs/auxiliaryverbs.html
 

 

Wh - Questions

 Wh- Questions

Wh- Questions allow a speaker to find out more information about topics. They are as follows:

When? Where? Who? Why? How? What?

Time Place Person Reason Manner Object/Idea/Action

Other words can also be used to inquire about specific information:

Which (one)? Whose? Whom? How much? How many? How long? How often? How far? What kind (of)?

Choice of alternatives Possession Person (objective formal) Price, amount (non-count) Quantity (count) Duration Frequency Distance Description

The "grammar" used with wh- questions depends on whether the topic being asked about is the "subject" or "predicate" of a sentence. For the subject pattern, simply replace the person or thing being asked about with the appropriate wh-word. 

(Someone has my baseball.) (Something is bothering you.)

Who has my baseball? What is bothering you?

For the predicate pattern, wh- question formation depends on whether there is an "auxiliary" verb in the original sentence. Auxiliary or "helping" verbs are verbs that precede main verbs. Auxiliary verbs are italicized in the following sentences.

I can do it. They are leaving. I have eaten my lunch. I should have finished my homework. 

 

To make a question using the predicate pattern, first form a yes/no question by inverting the subject and (first) auxiliary verb. Then, add the appropriate wh- word to the beginning of the sentence.

(You will leave some time.)	? will you leave When will you leave?
(He is doing something.)	? is he doing What is he doing?
(They have been somewhere.)	? have they been Where have they been?

If there is no auxiliary and the verb is "be," invert the subject and verb, then add the appropriate wh- word to the beginning of the sentence.

(He is someone.)	? is he Who is he?
(The meeting was some time.)	? was the meeting When was the meeting?

If there is no auxiliary and the verb is not "be," add do to the beginning of the sentence. Then add the appropriate wh-question word. Be sure to "transfer" the tense and number from the main verb to the word do.

(You want something.)	? do you want What do you want?
(You went somewhere.)	? did you go (past tense) Where did you go?
(She likes something.)	? does she like (third person -s) What does she like?

Questions with question words - be

Question word	Verb	Rest	Answer
Where	are	you from?	I'm from Stuttgart.
What	is	your name?	My name is Peter.
How	are	Pat and Sue?	They're fine.

Questions with question words - have

Question word	Auxiliary	Subject	Verb	Rest	Answer
Where	have	you	got	your ruler?	I've got it in my pencil case.
Where	do	you	have	your ruler?	I have it in my pencil case.

Questions with question words in the Simple Present

Question word	Auxiliary	Subject	Verb	Rest	Answer
What	do	you	play	on your computer?	I play games on my computer.
When	does	your mother	go	to work?	She goes to work at 6 o'clock.
Where	do	you	meet	your friends?	I meet them at the bus stop.

Questions with question words in the Simple Past

Question word	Auxiliary	Subject	Verb	Rest	Answer
What	did	you	do	yesterday evening?	I did my homework.
When	did	she	meet	her boyfriend?	She met him yesterday.
Where	did	they	go	after the match?	They went to a café.

Where

were

you

yesterday?

I was at the cinema.

Subject question

Question word	Verb	Rest	Subject	Verb	Object - Place - Time
Who	runs	to the shop?	Peter	runs	to the shop.

Object question

Question word	Auxiliary	Subject	Verb	Rest	Answer
Who	do	you	like?		I like my mum.
Who	did	Mandy	phone	last Monday?	Mandy phoned her uncle.

Subject question			Object question
Who	phoned	John?	Who	did	John	phone?

Who do you love?

Funny Game

For practice Exercise 1

                Exercise 2

                Exercise 3

You can see http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/grammar/frage.htm

                 http://esl.about.com/od/grammar/a/a_questionword.htm

                 http://www.ecenglish.com/learnenglish/how-use-wh-questions