วันเสาร์ที่ 18 ธันวาคม พ.ศ. 2553

imperative sentence

The Imperative Sentence

Learn About It
The word "imperative" is derived from the term "emperor". Emperors gave commands, and imperative sentences are commands. Imperative sentences consist of predicates that only contain verbs in infinitive form; verb phrases are not allowed. Imperative sentences are generally terminated with an exclamation mark instead of a period.
<Imperative Sentence> = <predicate> = <verb> <complement>
Examples:
Spend the money!
Go to your room!
Look in the drawer of the dresser.

An imperative sentence gives a command. It usually end with a period, but it may also end with an exclamation point (!).

Commands ask or tell people to do something.

"Please pass the salt." is a command, that does not sound as commanding as, "Get out of my way!" But, both of these sentences are imperatives because they are both asking or telling someone to do something.

Finding the Subject

This may sound strange, but every single command has the same subject! Yikes! How is that even possible?

Well, since commands are always speaking to someone or something (you've got to address them if you're going to ask them to do something), the subject is always the word you.

You may have noticed, the word "you" is not even in a command. Because of this, the subject is actually called you understood, and it is written like this: (you)

This means that the subject is the word you, but since it is not written or spoken in the sentence, it is understood and is therefore in parentheses.

Imperative	Subject
Please find my yellow leotard.	(you)
Shut the door!	(you)
Be there at 5:00.	(you)

Wash the car.

Clean up your room.

Martin, report to the counselor.
Please donate to the community charity fund.

We say that sentences must have a subject and a verb. Note that some of the above sentences do not seem to have a subject. The subject is implied, and the implied subject is you. You wash the car. You clean up your room. You is a second person pronoun. It isn't possible to make a command statement in first person or third person.

imperative sentence examples

It must have seemed imperative that the co-operation and goodwill of the profession be regained, as without it the Scheme must founder.
It emphasizes the military imperative of stabilizing Baghdad and lower expectations about a democratic polity along Western lines.
Nothing has any point - except of course the categorical imperative.
This is a compound sentence consisting of three independent clauses, all with imperative verbs.
Securing a place to work, however small or improvised, seemed imperative to me during my final year at college.
This spiritual dimension addresses the gospel imperative for equity and compassion among all peoples.
The very nature of the relations makes it absolutely imperative that every victim of unlawful appetite, in whatever direction, shall totally abstain.
Leaders have a moral imperative to develop the next generation of school leaders.
A further, far more detailed and specified development of these principles is an imperative necessity.
Thus it became imperative to relate the seaman's guess logged in Beaufort numbers to the wind speed in knots.
It is therefore imperative to include all names of jointly liable people from the start.
Reasons for action which are contingent in this way on desires and inclinations are furnished by what Kant called hypothetical imperatives.
The Organizational function often belongs grammatically to the imperative mood.
Moreover, there is an ethical imperative not to destroy the wonderful diversity of life on Earth.
The module will include an in-depth study of a declarative language through a significant programming application, contrasting it with the imperative paradigm.
The " pedagogical imperative " includes the obligation to inquire into the consequences of one's work with students.
In the context of imperative programming, the emphasis shifts from describing control flow to describing interacting objects.
Examples of the management of change under the technological imperatives we were subjected to were few, apart maybe from the Carnegie Mellon initiatives.
An abstract machine for the execution of the imperative language.

An imperative sentence gives a direct command to someone -- this type of sentence can end either with a period or with an exclamation mark, depending on how forceful the command is:

Sit!

Read this book for tomorrow.

You should not usually use an exclamation mark with the word "please":

Wash the dishes!

Please wash the dishes.

Normally, you should not use imperative sentences in academic writing. When you do use an imperative sentence, it should usually contain only a mild command, and thus, end with a period:

imperative exercises > LET´S!!

Choose the correct sentences and write them in the white boxes:
Let's drink some water - Let's clean his car - Let's buy a cake for her-

Let's go to the cinema - Let's buy one ticket for you and one for me -

Let's watch TV - Let's do some exercise - Let's sit on that bench -

Let's dance - Let's eat a sandwich - Let's look at the calendar -

Let's telephone her -Let's take an umbrella -   Let's close the window -
It's very cold here.

It's very hot. I am thirsty.

I haven't visited Granny this week.

Dad's car is very dirty.

It's mum's birthday today.

It's raining. We can't play outside.

I want to see the film "Avatar".

What's the date today?

It's raining.

We are going to Oxford by bus.

I like this music a lot and I feel so happy...

I am tired of walking around the park.

I want to be healthy and fit

I am so hungry

English Exercises > imperative exercises > Love me by Justin Bieber - Imperative

Complete with the correct verb in the imperative form.

Love me

by Justin Bieber

My friends say I'm a fool to think that you're the one for me I guess I'm just a sucker for love 'Cause honestly the truth is that you know I'm never leavin' 'Cause you're my angel sent from above Baby, you can do no wrong My money is yours, give you a little more because I love ya, love ya With me, girl, is where you belong Just right here, I promise my dear I'll put nothin' above ya, above ya me, me, that you love me me, me, oh how you do me me, me, that you miss me me what I wanna hear, me you love me X2 People try to tell me, but I still refuse to listen 'Cause they don't get to spend time with you A minute with you is worth more than a thousand days without your love Oh your love, oh Baby, you can do no wrong My money is yours, give you a little more because I love ya, love ya With me, girl, is where you belong Just stay right here, I promise my dear I'll put nothin' above ya, above ya me, me, that you love me me, me, oh how you do me me, me, that you miss me me what I wanna hear, me you love me X2 My heart is blind, but I don't care 'Cause when I'm with you, everything has disappeared And every time I hold you near I never wanna let you go, oh me, me, that you love me me, me, oh how you do me me, me, that you miss me me what I wanna hear, me you love me X2

English Exercises > imperative exercises > IMPERATIVE

IMPERATIVE

PERSON	AFFIRMATIVE	NEGATIVE
I	X	X
YOU	the pronoun you* isn´t used be quiet stay here It can be used with always Always review you compositions you is used when we are distributing you do this, you do that you is used when YOU insit on the action(rudeOR POLITE IT DEPENDS ON THE CONTEXT) you keep them Do is used before an affirmative* verb if I want to insist) Do sit down.	the pronoun you* isn´t used don´t be silly don´t stay here It can be used with never Never open this door
HE,SHE,THEY	We use Let or May+infinitive Let for orders: Let him know May for wishes May the force go with you It can be used with somebody,everybody: Somebody* help me Everybody* help me	We use Let +infinitive Let for orders: Don´t let him know It can be used with nobody: Nobody* move *remember this is not simple present
WE	Let us=,Let´s Let´s stay for a while Do let´s stay for a while* *reinforcement	Let us not,Let´s not Let´s not stay here Don´t lets stay here* *reinforcement

1.-USE AN IMPERATIVE TO CHANGE THESE SENTENCES

1. Achiles´soldiers must attack

2.Nobody must leave

3.Somebody should phone an ambulance

4.Helen must come here

5.They shouldn´t go now.

6.Somebody should say something

7.Nobody should say anything

8.A doctor should see him

9.I wish it snowed

10.He should rest.

11.-Why don´t you come and visit me

12.-It would be nice you could bring the children(INSIST)

13.-I´m very interested in this house we should buy it

14.-We should solve this as soon as possible(INSIST)

15.-Everybody must stay in here

วันศุกร์ที่ 10 ธันวาคม พ.ศ. 2553

Present Simple Tense

Simple Present Tense

I sing

How do we make the Simple Present Tense?

subject	+	auxiliary verb	+	main verb
		do		base

I have breakfast with my family.

There are three important exceptions:

For positive sentences, we do not normally use the auxiliary.
For the 3rd person singular (he, she, it), we add s to the main verb or es to the auxiliary.
For the verb to be, we do not use an auxiliary, even for questions and negatives.

Look at these examples with the main verb like:

	subject	auxiliary verb		main verb
+	I, you, we, they			like	coffee.
+	He, she, it			likes	coffee.
-	I, you, we, they	do	not	like	coffee.
-	He, she, it	does	not	like	coffee.
?	Do	I, you, we, they		like	coffee?
?	Does	he, she, it		like	coffee?

Look at these examples with the main verb be. Notice that there is no auxiliary:

	subject	main verb
+	I	am		French.
	You, we, they	are		French.
	He, she, it	is		French.
-	I	am	not	old.
	You, we, they	are	not	old.
	He, she, it	is	not	old.
?	Am	I		late?
	Are	you, we, they		late?
	Is	he, she, it		late?

How do we use the Simple Present Tense?

We use the simple present tense when:

the action is general
the action happens all the time, or habitually, in the past, present and future
the action is not only happening now
the statement is always true

John drives a taxi.
past	present	future

It is John's job to drive a taxi. He does it every day. Past, present and future.

Look at these examples:

I live in New York.
The Moon goes round the Earth.
John drives a taxi.
He does not drive a bus.
We meet every Thursday.
We do not work at night.
Do you play football?

Note that with the verb to be, we can also use the simple present tense for situations that are not general. We can use the simple present tense to talk about now. Look at these examples of the verb "to be" in the simple present tense - some of them are general, some of them are now:

Am I right? Tara is not at home. You are happy.
past	present	future

The situation is now.

I am not fat. Why are you so beautiful? Ram is tall.
past	present	future

The situation is general. Past, present and future.

Examples:

I play tennis.
She does not play tennis.
Does he play tennis?
The train leaves every morning at 8 AM.
The train does not leave at 9 AM.
When does the train usually leave?
She always forgets her purse.
He never forgets his wallet.
Every twelve months, the Earth circles the Sun.
Does the Sun circle the Earth?

Exercise

http://conteni2.educarex.es/mats/14453/contenido/
http://a4esl.org/q/h/lb/psv.html
http://perso.wanadoo.es/autoenglish/gr.presim.p.htm
http://www.learnenglish.de/Games/Tenses/SimplePres.htm

วันเสาร์ที่ 4 ธันวาคม พ.ศ. 2553

Preposition

Prepositions

Prepositions are words or short phrases that identify the spatial (in space), directional (the direction in which something is moving), or temporal (in time) relationship of one or more people or things to other people or things. Prepositions communicate abstract relationships as well as concrete ones. While all languages have prepositions, English has a particularly large number of them, with important differences of nuance between similar prepositions. This handout will give an overview of prepositions, along with a practice activity.

Prepositions for Time, Place, and Introducing Objects

On is used with days:

I will see you on Monday.
The week begins on Sunday.

At is used with noon, night, midnight, and with the time of day:

My plane leaves at noon.
The movie starts at 6 p.m.

In is used with other parts of the day, with months, with years, with seasons:

The flowers will bloom in spring.
He likes to read in the afternoon.
The days are long in August.
The book was published in 1999.

To express extended time, English uses the following prepositions: since, for, by, from-to, from-until, during, (with)in.

I watch TV during the evening. (For some period of time in the evening.)
She has been gone since yesterday. (She left yesterday and has not returned.)
I'm going to Paris for two weeks. (I will spend two weeks there.)
The movie showed from August to October. (Beginning in August and ending in October.)
The decorations were up from spring until fall. (Beginning in spring and ending in fall.)
We must finish the project within a year. (No longer than a year.)

To express notions of place, English uses the following prepositions: to talk about the point itself: in, to express something contained: inside, to talk about the surface: on, to talk about a general vicinity, at.

Put the present inside the box.
I left your keys on the table.
She was waiting at the corner.
There is a wasp in the room.

To express notions of an object being higher than a point, English uses the following prepositions: over, above.

Hang that picture above the couch.
He threw the ball over the roof.

To express notions of an object being lower than a point, English uses the following prepositions: under, underneath, beneath, below.

The rabbit burrowed under the ground.
The child hid underneath the blanket.
We relaxed in the shade beneath the branches.
The valley is below sea-level.

To express notions of an object being close to a point, English uses the following prepositions: near, by, next to, between, among, opposite.

There is an ice cream shop by the store.
She lives near the school.
An oak tree grows next to my house
The house is between Elm Street and Maple Street.
I found my pen lying among the books.
The bathroom is opposite that room.

English uses the following prepositions to introduce objects of the following verbs.

At: glance, laugh, look, rejoice, smile, stare

That pretty girl smiled at you.
She took a quick glance at her reflection. (exception with mirror: She took a quick glance in the mirror.)
You didn't laugh at his joke.
I'm looking at the computer monitor.
We rejoiced at his safe rescue.
Stop staring at me.